The Cold Blood and The Outsider

The Cold Blood and The Outsider The Cold Blood and The Outsider Presentation Essayists of books plan to make remarkable comprehension about issues that are critical to them or to their perspectives as a person. It couldn't be denied that some way or another, this reality is characterized through the formation of improved realities that are introduced by authors through the masterful utilization of words and sentences that immediate the perusers towards the fundamental message that they are planning to make and send to their intended interest group. Essentially, the authors pick their subjects, make their topics and deal with the plot as per what they really need to depict through the narratives. In this conversation, an examination of two stories that signifies the production of situations dependent on fiction and genuine occasions in life will be taken care of in a point of indicating how the said story writers proposed to understand what they know and put matters into flawless composing that could demand the chance of making implicative notes on how the perusers might see the more profound significance of every introduction that they make through the plot. Alongside this, taking into account that both the readings being examined depend on criminal topics, the psychoanalytic analysis will likewise be concentrated on regarding the issue being considered as the primary focal point of the essayists in taking on the situation of their characters in confronting the challenges of living and appearing well and good out of the most si gnificant formation of their being. About the Outsider The Outsider which was wrote by Albert Camus utilizes a character that can withstand human feelings. The character was noted to be an existentialist, is acted like somebody who isn't annoyed of the past and thinks just about whats present. It could be noticed that inside this story, a characteristic comprehension of what an individual thinks about and what he couldn't care less about fills the character that he has towards the others. It appeared as though Camus proposed to introduce human living to be a thoughtless condition of understanding that just identifies with the need of making ordering contemplations from the current enthusiastic remaining of an individual. The thought is that the way toward speculation directs the manner in which one responds to the things that he has done or would do even now. With the utilization of imaginative introduction of the plot and the remaining of the principle character in responding to the present circumstances that he has been under from his past towards the occasions that he is managing at present, the creator had the option to isolate the comprehension of the fundamental character towards his enthusiastic choices at present which are not at all identified with the ways by which he responded before regarding a similar circumstance. Making a lot of what an individual thinks and how one responds to the various circumstances in life makes this story a read that presents a more inside and out connection to how people once in a while react to wrongdoing because of the lesser consideration that they have on what has occurred before and how those past occasions could even now be fixed through doing great today. What has been done has been done; indeed, a few people who are indiscreet about the outcomes of what they are doing and how these could influence what's to come are normally the ones who are less ready to show any criticize on themselves when they are approached to think back to their past and just make answers for an inappropriate doings that they may have caused previously. About the Story In Cold Blood In light of genuine occasions that occurred in the mid n1960s, it couldn't be precluded that the setting from securing the story is introduced such that the general public experienced their lives previously. The occasion considered inside this story is the homicide case that includes two hoodlums and the entire family that they focused on in any event, when they were still in jail. The writer introduced the circumstance in a way that presented a significant thought on how the job of the significant character has been discharged for comprehension with respect to the perusers. This story for all intents and purposes advanced on the event of a homicide that the two fundamental characters have been engaged with. Notwithstanding, rather than making a puzzle introduction, the portrayal planned to show the various purposes for the event of issues. It couldn't be denied that it is a result of this that the story clarifies better comprehension of the wellsprings of the wrongdoing than basically expressing how the wrongdoing occurred. Through a mental introduction on the relationship that the fundamental characters have between one another, it could be perceived how the various activities of recognizing why the issues happened the manner in which they deed clarifies the response of the two characters towards the circumstances that they are confronting. Through the introduction of subtleties utilized in this story, it could be noticed how the writer figured out how to show the various components of wrongdoing and how the various places of hoodlums have been proposed for peruser understanding. Likely, through this the writer had the option to tell the perusers of his message in an additionally persuading and intelligent introduction of the issues worried inside the plot and the characters that makes the entire occasion that commands the various issues that are included the various circumstances that are significantly emotional on the occasions that are figured out how to achieve the clarification of the occasions. Understanding the Issues of Personality and Growth The degree of development of each individual characterizes their character. The improvement that one grasps with respects their response towards the significant circumstances that he figures out how to manage really appear through the way that he reacts to the difficulties of life. In brain science, this improvement is considered as the significant wellspring of understanding that considers the opportunity of having a decent effect on how one grows by and by as a person who realizes how to offset his feelings with his musings. Then again, there are as yet those people who are less ready to make a distinct reaction to the circumstances that they face. At times, these people come up short on the understanding that they should have the option to make something happen for the improvement of the circumstance for the advancement of every individual. A large portion of those people who are taking care of the various difficulties that life itself presents neglect to see the better consequences of the circumstances dependent on the conceivable result of these difficulties on their own lives. As a result of the absence of constructive way to deal with managing individual issues, these individuals discharge their pressure and their repercussions in a progressively negative manner because of the absence of coherent thinking that they have towards the circumstances that they are confronting each day. Inside the accounts being broke down, it could be noticed that the improvement of the fundamental characters have been essentially influenced by their past, their character and their comprehension of life. For all intents and purposes, through this understanding it could be seen that there are various responses that are fundamental for the differential distinguishing proof of the character of one individual dependent on the strategy of acknowledgment that he acknowledges as he figures out how to consider the diverse indication of learning with respects the encounters that they have likely met with throughout everyday life. Through these exercises learnt, it could be seen that they can build up a comprehension of their situation as they attempt their best to turn into the individual that they need to be as they manage their current issues. Be that as it may, when pessimism and absence of comprehension is concentrated on, it couldn't be denied that negative outcomes could likewise be normal. This is particularly evident when the examination on the significant issues encompassing the characters of the previous two stories inspected thus is concerned. In the accompanying segment of this conversation, a comprehension of the distinctive psychoanalytic rules that had been utilized by the creators inside the story will be given consideration in this. The Involvement of Psychoanalytic Criticism Psychoanalytic analysis includes the distinguishing proof of the mental thought that the narrators consider to depict the character of their characters and the procedure by which they handle the most significant issues throughout their life as a feature of their turn of events. Acceptably, with the thought of the standing that they have regarding their past activities and how they should deal with similar difficulties at present. On the principal story considering Meursault, it could be seen that his character was characterized to have some differential comprehension of the past and how these occasions throughout his life influences his present acknowledgment of issues. It could be noted then that by one way or another, through this Mersault supposedly had a lesser worry on how his past demonstrations influenced the individuals who were living around him. Consequently, he never gains from these encounters and afterward will in general recurrent these demonstrations in his present frameworks of managing matters. Then again, the two hoodlums in the story The Cold Blood, reacted to their accomplices activities dependent on the relationship that they have partaken previously. In a similar spot, the two people utilized their enthusiastic relationship as key motivations to push their accomplice towards doing what they think ought to be finished. The impact of each on the other made the conditions that they have been associated with regarding the advancement of the case. Honestly, it is through this that the various issues on human character and the responses that they have towards the conditions that they have to manage ordinary. Basically, it could be seen that they have based their thought in the present push of their feelings and less consideration towards the present circumstances that they are managing. With this lesser consideration given to the results of their demonstrations, it could be overseen and surely known that by one way or another, the characters were characterized perfec

Identity essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Character - Essay Example nvolves the perusers through feelings, in specific cases the individual beginnings following the character delineated in the book or film and associate genuine with the existence spoke to by their good example in the novel or film. In specific cases such observations give an incredible effect on the creating still, small voice of the person. This upsets considerations and standpoint as the state of mental ability is brimming with demanding examinations. A few books called Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents by Julia Alvarez and Goodbye to Manzanar by Jeanne Wakatsuki are two extraordinary books outlining the peculiarity an individual have. Somewhat the books forces musings that changes the standpoint and give the mental fortitude to get by in troublesome circumstance. The books cause how to keep up security and solace in intense occasions (Identity). I for one feel edified subsequent to perusing the books called The Five individuals I meet in Heaven by Mitch Albom, this caused me to feel that how significant my life is for me, what improvement I made in my gathering, in my locale, in my general public and what am I contributing! It basically caused me to feel my value, my confidence and subsequently caused me to understand that everybody known to man is significant, everybody around me is significant and what truly doesn't make a difference to me could acquire an astounding change others life. It has truly changed my viewpoint and character. I turned out to be progressively worried about others, forgive and never look back what hurt others have done, find redemption, the book has mystical force as it has made me increasingly worried about sufferings of others. This helped me to change in an alternate domain as I am presently a universal understudy who is adapting up inside an alternate social conditions. I like to tune in to the tunes to de-stress myself, had enough understanding of life and individuals as I have been visiting a greater amount of spots, communicating with various gatherings of people having a place with various social and moral foundations however above

Cell phones cause a cancer risk Essay Sample

Cell phones cause a cancer risk Essay Sample The 1990s were the years when people started using mobile phones. The number of active users was growing with every year. People spent more and more time holding a phone in hands or near the ear. Adults and children spend a lot of time next to the cell devices today that make the whole picture of using various gadgets completely different from the one that we could observe ten years ago. The concern about the fact that cell phones cause cancer appeared because mobile devices produce energy that is called radio-frequency signal or RF. People feel worried about the future of their health the future life of their kids as it’s hard to imagine a family that doesn’t have a phone. Is there any risk of having a brain tumor because of using the gadget? Myths and legends make people look for scientific proves that give the right answer to this question. Do mobile phones cause cancer? Smartphones work the same way as all the other mobile devices that you can find in any store. As we all know, there are various types of signals like microwaves, FM waves or X-rays. Every type of signal has its strength and the level of influence on the human’s body. The signals produced by a phone are similar to the FM signals that are called as non-ionizing emission. It means they are not so powerful to change the DNA of a cell and cause disease because of it. We know that UV waves and X-rays can change the DNA parts and cause serious problems with health. They belong to an opposite group of waves that are called ionizing emission. If we take a closer look at the work of microwaves, we will notice that these waves can heat the food that we put inside of it. If we use the RF signals at a high level for a long time, it will produce the same effect on the cells that are located close to the phone. Harmful effects of mobile phones Every cell phone has an antenna that is hidden inside the body of the gadget. The level of emission is the highest inside the device and it falls down together with the distance. The close and longer we hold the gadgets near head the more we are exposed to the RF emission. Of course, there are some things that influence the level of emission perceived by human cells such as: Period of time; Miles to the device; Miles to the closest tower; Number of active users per a tower; Model of the device. The conclusion here is easy for understanding. There are reliable cell phone radiation facts today. The more and the closer the phone is near our heads the more radiation our cells receive. We won’t become hot like a sausage in the microwave, but we will influence the work of the cells anyhow. The dangers of cell phones There’s a special measure that can calculate the amount of radiation received by the cells of the human body. It’s called the specific absorption rate or SAR. Cell phone radiation levels differ from model to model. All the manufacturers are obliged to inform their buyers about the highest SAR level produced by their gadgets. The limit is 1,6 W/kg for the gadgets sold on the territory of the US. It’s dangerous to buy a device that doesn’t have this information. Considering these figures as a norm is not a good idea. Every manufacturer states the maximum limit that can be reached in specific situations. Cell phones and cancer are the terms as are considered to be synonyms for some people. There’s no urgent need to panic without a thorough investigation of what the real influence of devices is. Cell phone radiation effects on human body All the experiments that were conducted in laboratories proved that cell phone radiation effects are neutral. Animals didn’t suffer from any kind of tumor in any part of the body after active absorption of RF emission. There are no proofs besides the rumors that RF emission can hurt the cells of a human body. Of course, no one will ever experiment with humans to check if it’s true for 100%, but the supposition is based on the lab experiment with animals. Can you get cancer from cell phone?

Freedom of Media Big Brother and 1984 Essay - 898 Words

In 1949, George Orwell wrote one of the most influential and relevant scientific fiction books of modern time. The book critiques the rule of totalitarian governments using subtle and not so subtle satire. The book reveals the dangers of a government gaining too much power over its citizens. The government can abuse its abundance of authority by controlling all of the media available to the citizens. In 1984, Orwell fears government control of media because it helped brainwash and control the citizens in Nazi Germany and the USSR and today it continues to inhibit free will and thought in areas such as China and Russia. Several times throughout 1984, Orwell emphasizes the dangers of the government having total control of the media. The†¦show more content†¦There were various events that instigated Orwell’s fear of the government having total control of the media. In the few years before the writing of 1984, World War II occurred. During this time, censorship was imple mented in Germany by the Nazi Propaganda Ministry. The Ministry â€Å"took control of all forms of communication in Germany: newspapers, magazines, books, public meetings, and rallies, art, music, movies, and radio (United States Memorial Museum).† The regulation/censorship of all media in Germany restricts the freedom of thought and information for all citizens. This allows the government to control what the people see, which directly influences what they will think and act about, especially if they have no access to any other media. Orwell’s fears were also exposed in the satellite states of the USSR, especially in Lithuania from 1940-1989 in which a bibliocide was active (Newth). The bibliocide in Lithuania consisted of numerous libraries and other books that didn’t support the ideals of the USSR being burned downed and destroyed. This destruction and censorship of any idea or thought that does not support the ruling government can be very harmful. Without a ny other sources the citizens will be much more likely to believe whatever information the government feeds them and they will be unable to formulate their own thoughts and opinions. The thought of the citizens being unable toShow MoreRelatedThe Real-Life Counterparts of 1984s Oceania Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pages Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin are household names, but what about the more obscure individuals Muammar Qaddafi, Xi Jinping, and Kim Jong-un? George Orwell used 1984 as a prediction of what could happen if the fascism in Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia persisted. The dystopian, fascist government that exists in 1984 resembles the governments in the real-life, modern-day countries of Libya, China, and North Korea. The government in Orwell’s Oceania is fascist, causing citizens like Winston andRead MoreEssay about Propaganda in 1984682 Words   |  3 Pagesmake them happy. â€Å"WAR IS PEACE. FREEDOM IS SLAVERY. IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH.† and â€Å"Big Brother is Watching You† are examples of doublethink. These uses of propaganda prevent rebellion of the citizens of Oceania because they believe that this society is the ideal society. They believe they are protected, and that they could not be happier. Propaganda is the Party’s deadliest weapon of control. One use of propaganda used by the Party is doublethink. â€Å"WAR IS PEACE. FREEDOM IS SLAVERY. IGNORANCE IS STRENGTHRead More1984 Dystopian Society Essay1212 Words   |  5 Pagesday-and-night. George Orwell’s novel 1984, written in 1949, depicts and illustrates the future of the 1980’s. Orwell imagined the world in which totalitarianism reigned, individualism is dead, and history is just sentiment. 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Even though this book was not based on actual historical events, it does compare to things that happen in our society today. George Orwell also known as Eric Blair was born in 1903 in Motihari, Bengal. Orwell died on January 21st, 1950 in London, UnitedRead MoreIntroduction. 1984 Is One Of OrwellS Most Famous Masterpieces,1267 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction 1984 is one of Orwell s most famous masterpieces, and it is a work of opposition to totalitarianism. As a political allegory, 1984 is also Orwell’s last work, which is with his greatest efforts. On the basis of his own experience, Orwell combines reality and 1984 closely, in order to give people a sense of reality. In the book, the description of anti Utopia reflects Orwell s concern about the political trend of the whole human society. His political thinking is summed up in this book

Inspiring Essay Topics Explained

Inspiring Essay Topics Explained Inspiring Essay Topics Ideas There are various elements of an essay you must understand how to write, and the way to compose the well. For the reason, here are a list of fifteen unique titles that may allow you to get started. While the ideas might not be just what you're searching for, it's possible they may still help to inspire you to consider something nice and relevant for your own work. A time once you received help from a comprehensive stranger 33. Together with helping think of great topic ideas, by reading over prewritten samples it may also help to inspire great ideas for what content to have in your own essay. Therefore, the topic you select plays a very important function. Explaining how to spend less by utilizing open-source texts and internet textbook rental websites would result in an extremely informative essay. It's often advisable to write about topics you know. The multiple topics could be found, for instance, in the dissertation abstracts international database. Now you are prepared to produce your very own argumentative topics. Fortunately, appropriate and intriguing topics will motivate students to overcome these skill-related hurdles so they're in a position to write about the subject. It is crucial that the essay doesn't appeal to the writer alone. The essay is just one of the important approaches it's possible to distinguish yourself. You've got to compose an informative essay. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. Always think deeply about the way to make a fantastic essay structure it's a significant part academic writing. Below is a list of the best 15 amazing essay topics that is likely to make your writing joyful and effortless. Without an essay outline, it would be hard to recall the necessary sections, arguments, logical stream of essay, and general structure. You must be very careful when choosing an essay topic. Writing a superb persuasive essay is not an easy job, however, it's achievable. Selecting an essay topic can be tough to do, especially in the event that you lack the inspiration which you need in order to locate a wonderful title to write to. Essay Writing Guide Here's an excellent app that is regarded as the encyclopedia in teaching. To compose an outstanding essay, it's important to use specific academic language. What You Need to Do About Inspiring Essay Topics Starting in the Next Eight Minutes At any time you catch yourself feeling captivated by an individu essay or article, take a good look at it. You are able to even incorporate a quote by a renowned person to generate an even greater impression on your teacher. Perhaps you've exhausted your older idea lists, or perhaps you're searching for something even more inspiring. Well, funny as it might sound, the answer has been right before you! What You Should Do to Find Out About Inspiring Essay Topics Before You're Left Behind Your essay might incorporate the factors for teen pregnancy and talk about the recent rates of teen pregnancy and potential solutions. Popper food in our everyday life results in a lifetime habit toward a healthier extended life. By comparison, countless studies have proven that people are much better motivated by using positive feedback. The selection of the object, strength and caliber of attachment mostly depend on parents behavior connected to their infant. The Hidden Treasure of Inspiring Essay Topics When prior brainstorming is finished, you might begin drafting your essay. Quite simply, you have to inspire your employees. The procedure is a particular succession of events. If there's absolutely no feedback whatsoever, employees become complacent. New Ideas Into Inspiring Essay Topics Never Before Revealed Therefore, such an essay is a favorite at different phases of school and college education. You should have your reasons, and our principal concern is that yo u wind up getting an excellent grade. The solution can be found in the simple fact your tutor want to teach you to develop your analytical and argumentative skills. As a teacher having students that are masters in essay writing is a central goal.

Substitution and Income Effects of the Working Tax Credit on Labour Supply Free Essays

Labour essay: Having considered the implications for the WTC, we can now analyse the effects of the policy on labour supply by determining the substitution and income effects. It’s clear that the effect of the working tax credit on work behaviour depends upon how much a worker is currently working. To analyse these effects we will only look at one type of individual; a lone parent in the labour force. We will write a custom essay sample on Substitution and Income Effects of the Working Tax Credit on Labour Supply or any similar topic only for you Order Now This will simplify our analysis such that we can divide the diagram below into 3 sections and describe the effects separately. draw:frame} Figure 1: Diagram showing how the imposition of the WTC affects the individuals labour supply decision When the lone parent is either not working at all, or working less than 16 hours (Labelled A in the diagram), her current wage rate and therefore income is unaffected by the WTC. This is simply because they have not yet received any tax credit and therefore have no added incentives to work. However, if they work over16 hours, the programme will raise their overall take home wage as they receive a lump sum payment, shown by the first vertical blue line. Therefore, at this low level of work, there is a very small, or 0, income effect, and a positive substitution effect, thus increasing the individual’s labour supply. These effects are the same as would be under an increase in the wage rate, shown diagrammatically in Figure 2. {draw:frame} Figure 2: Diagram showing the effects of a wage increase The movement around the original indifference curve from A to C is the substitution effect; this arises due the change in price of leisure relative to hours of work, holding utility as constant. As the wage rate has increased the opportunity cost of leisure opposed to work has risen. The substitution effect encourages the worker to decrease his hours of leisure. The movement from C to B donates the income effect illustrating the workers response to an increase in real income. Overall, the substitution effect dominates the income effect and therefore increases labour supply from L1 to L2. There is also the possibility that the income effect may overpower the substitution effect resulting in a decrease in the supply of labour. However, this depends on the position of the indifference curves, hence the worker’s preferences for work and leisure. On the other hand, it is unlikely at this low wage rate for the worker to choose leisure over the opportunity to earn a higher wage. Section ‘C’ of our WTC diagram shows the area at which an individual works more than 30 hours. The worker’s net income is now higher at this point, however the worker’s marginal wage is lower which is demonstrated by the gradient of the WTC line being shallower than gradient of the No WTC line. The Substitution and Income effects here are the same as would be with a decrease in wage. Both the Income and substitution effects work together to reduce the amount of labour; shown in Figure 3: {draw:frame} Figure 3: Diagram showing the effects of a wage decrease The substitution effect is shown by the movement around the old indifference curve, from A to C. The income effect is shown by the movement from A to B. Although the substitution effect is stronger, both effects work together to reduce the hours of work from L1 to L3. Lastly, section ‘B’ represents the area at which an individual works between 16 and 30 hours. Here, the effects of the WTC on labour supply are much more complex. Despite the gradient of the WTC line being the same as section C, this time there is the possibility of increasing work to above 30 hours and receiving the additional payment. This therefore results in lone parents bunching around the 16 and 30 hour marks in order to gain the greatest benefit from the WTC payment. Some will therefore substitute leisure for work and work longer hours to gain the additional bonus at 30 hours, whilst others will choose to forgo work for leisure and be content with the benefit of working over 16 hours. How to cite Substitution and Income Effects of the Working Tax Credit on Labour Supply, Papers

Understanding Greek Cultures Influence on Democratic Ideas

Introduction The Greek culture shaped the Western thinking and culture as its influence is felt in almost every aspect of human life from medicine, law, art, architecture to science (Noble, 2008). The Greeks, for example, invented geometry as they used it to make sense of the world and specifically to measure distance.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Understanding Greek Culture’s Influence on Democratic Ideas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In everything, Greeks were challenged to define the problem, research it and use some mathematical construct to explain it. Their discovery and use of geometry helped them to create navigational diagrams and maps for trade routes, become master architectures and building and modeling geniuses. This is said by Tarnas, (1991) to have shaped the Western culture of syllogisms, logic and duality principles among others. Also, in the Greek culture is the rise of ind ividuals who shaped the thought process of the world. Socrates, Aristotle and Plato, laid the ground for the majority of modern philosophical thought, questioning and scientific methodology. In his philosophy, Socrates taught about relaying heavily on sense as a primary data gathering method while Plato and Aristotle stressed on knowledge and scientific experimentation together with sensory data and logic as the critical methods of conducting an inquiry and rationalization. The most distinctive influence on the Western culture is the rise and development of democracy. The rise of democratic values and institutions was as a result of measured transformation in the principles guiding distribution of power. It is the Greeks that came up with the idea of a government that is answerable to the governed, civil liberties and trial by jury. The civil liberties and studies on humans were the cornerstone of ancient Greeks’ culture. This sense of liberty and independence both as individ uals and collectively encouraged their endeavors in philosophy, politics and science (Spielvogel, 2010). Democracy in the modern world is described by Spielvogel, (2010) as several related forms of government with a fundamental feature of a government based on majority rule and put in power through the consent of the governed.Advertising Looking for research paper on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is also based on the principles of existence of free and fair elections, protection of the minority, preservation of human rights, equality of all in the face of law, following the due process and political pluralism. This modern view of democracy traces its origin to the ancient Greeks, Romans and South Asia and has spread throughout the world with many nations claiming to adhere to its principles. This has led to a lot of diversity in the concept of democracy making it extremely difficult to define. It does no t, however, apply only to the political state but also in other groups and organizations. In order to understand the Greek culture’s influence to the way Western Europe idea of democracy, the discussion will touch on the history of Greece and the rise of democracy and the influence of Greek philosophy on religion and Western thought and culture (Tarnas, 1991). The history of Greece Ancient Greece There is not much recorded history of early Greece leading this period to be called the Dark Age of Ancient Greece. The first inhabitants built their settlements along the shores of Greece where they depended on trade and supplies on the Aegean Sea. The Greeks travelled, traded and interacted with many people from different cultures where they learned agriculture and various techniques of metalwork. This interaction led to development of communities such as Aegeans with their center in Crete, Achaeans with their center in Mycenae and the Pelasgians. During the 2500 BC period, the Aeg eans dominated the region, but around 1400 BC, a volcanic eruption destroyed the island Minoan Thera east of Crete which disrupted Minoan functionality and influence and later they were absorbed by the Mycenaean Greeks (Gress, 1998). The settlements eventually changed into city-states or poleis which were governed by a council and a king. This structure was unstable due to kings changing to tyrants to their own subjects. The aristocratic people composed of mostly of landowners comprised the council leaving the majority of the people unrepresented in the system which led to uprisings (Gress, 1998).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Understanding Greek Culture’s Influence on Democratic Ideas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The beginning of the Olympic Games around 776 BC marked the start of a Greek culture and the Archaic Period of Greece where the Greek culture was significantly shaped by the forei gn culture. The art works began to explore the human figures and mythology which reached a climax during the Classical Period at around 500 BC during which the art, philosophy and literature that came to influence the world’s societies were at their peak (Noble, 2008). The period between 490 BC and 197 BC, Greece experienced many wars, which it worn and lost others, and periods when tyranny and democracy were experienced. In 490 BC, Persian Wars against Greece began led by Darius the Great of Thrace. Greece worn this round but, another one waged in 480BC by Xerxes crushed Athens and the third one, Greece managed to defeat the Persians at Salamis. By 461 BC, Athens had fully democratic governance, which Sparta saw as a threat to their aristocratic rule, and invaded Athens in the start of the Peloponnesian Wars between Sparta and Athenians. Athens emerged victorious and a truce was called with Sparta, and a peace treaty signed with Persia. In the second Peloponnesian War, Athen s lost and the Thirty Tyrants took over Athens and later killed Socrates (Noble, 2008). In 3359 BC, Philip II rose to power as Macedon king and took control of the Greek Peninsula including the competing Thebes, Athens, and Sparta powers. At his assassination in 336 BC, his son Alexander the Great took over the kingdom and later conquered and occupied Egypt and the entire Persian Empire and divided the whole kingdom into three regions: Ptolemic Egypt, Antigonid Macedonia and Seleucid Syria. Alexander later died unexpectedly and the kingdoms started conflicts with one another, disabling each other which marked the Greek downfall to Roman Empire, and incorporated Greek culture with its own. The period after Alexander’s death is called the Hellenistic Age (Noble, 2008).Advertising Looking for research paper on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Classical and Hellenistic World During the Classical Greece period, Greece culture was built on the earlier regional civilizations of Middle East, Egypt, Crete and Mycenae. Invaders from the other parts of Asia and Europe were absorbed and Greek-speakers spread around the Aegean Sea which saw Greek culture, and politics spread widely in Middle East, North Africa and Southern Europe and later societies (Noble, 2008). Greek civilization was centered on small communities with Crete and Mycenae heritage and, which had been majorly influenced by Indo-European culture especially the polytheistic religion that gave rise to societal cultural values. Trade at the eastern Mediterranean flourished due to the introduction of coined money. This resulted into increased wealth, which triggered growth in population and social change, that led to new political structures. This was followed by adoption of the Phoenician alphabet to write the Greek language and in turn spread of literacy. With the spr ead of literacy, commercial and cultural interactions were tremendously encouraged. The Iliad and the Odyssey were written down, where they formed the foundation of the Hellenic culture. Architecture, building and modeling, was enhanced while artistic forms such as sculpture started displaying a more pragmatic depiction of the human body and pottery showed human activity. The city-state politics From 800 B.C.E governance units were based on city-state or polis polities which were different in size but comprised of a city and its agricultural hinterland. They were governed by landowning aristocrats who emerged from the Indo-European warriors with the help of a council of free farmer citizens. Commercial expansion and the development of specialized commercial agriculture became a threat to the aristocratic rule and constantly challenged the situation. With increased wealth, the difference among the haves and the haves not grew wider and by the 6th century B.C.E pressure groups in urba n, commercial centers and dispossessed farmers wanted change. The tyrants also got a lot of support in their challenge to the aristocratic class interests while reformers such as Solon of Athens worked hard to formulate laws to govern economic relationships. Moreover, democratization of the military service by qualified citizens fuelled the need for reforms. By 500 B.C.E, many polis had adopted the principles of loyalty to the governed as opposed to an individual ruler. This led to widespread participation of public life by male citizens (Spielvogel, 2010). Athens was the first to emerge as a democratic polis and adopted Solon’s reforms though some problems still existed. The rise to power of Cleisthenes saw the establishment of a council elected by all citizens which was the sovereign authority. Also, citizens served as jurors and formed the army and government officials were chosen by lot and answerable to the assembly. However, adult women, slaves and foreigners did not ha ve political rights as it is today; also aristocratic class still retained excessive importance. The political style, however, gave a lot of importance to individual participation, a centralized system and formal laws (Duiker Spielvogel, 2010). In order to relieve the building population pressure, seek grain supplies and markets for Greek products, many polis established colonies along the coast of the Mediterranean and Black Seas. This is well much like what Western European countries such as Britain and Spain did during the colonization of the Americas and Africa as Noble, (2008) says. The Olympics Games and recognition of the oracle of Delphi acted as the few activities in which the polis cooperated in. They also united and maintained their independence during the Persian invasion in which they defeated Persia. Athens emerged as dominant city-state through an alliance, Delian League where valuable resources were amassed and which triggered conflicts and political divisions. The conflicts together with a disastrous plague led to the fall of Athens and the dominance of city-state. The expansion of the Greek empire to Egypt and Middle East by Alexander the great and his father lasted a short period but managed to expand the influence of Greek culture to many regions. He encouraged intermarriages between Greek speaking people and the local women in the conquered lands, spread Greek officials throughout these lands and founded centers of Greek scholarship. After the death of Alexander, Greek officials remained in these states and became state officials and merchants solidifying the influence of Greek culture and the resulting to new intellectual framework of the much of the civilized world (Tarnas, 1991). Democracy and personal freedom as a culture propagated by the Greeks are shown in its religion according to Gress, (1998). The Greeks did not establish a major religion in their development like the Chinese and the Indians but embraced a pantheon of wild gods and goddesses who intervened in the human life and activities. These were mainly borrowed from Indo-European cultures but only adopted them with a human-centered approach. Everybody was free to adopt or worship the gods of their choice. The lack of spiritual passion is said by Duiker Spielvogel, (2010) to be the cause of the development of alternative â€Å"mystery† religions which the people adopted to gratify their needs. This also created a vacuum in the ethical thought which eventually Greek thinkers to establish a separate philosophical system. It is this effort to understand phenomena through coherent observation that gave rise to the character of Greek and Hellenistic culture, that of a questioning and experimental and discovering culture. Philosophers such as Socrates, Stoics and Aristotle, gave thoughts on morality, balancing religious and political orders, moral independence and political structures among others. The geopolitical position of Greece favored spread o f its culture Duiker Spielvogel, (2010) says that the rise of Greece as the epicenter of western thought, and culture was favored by its geopolitical position. The civilizations around this location were easily accessible through water transport, fertile lands along the region encouraged the growth in population among different groups.   These groups exhibited diverse cultures that were highly advanced due to the exchange of ideas. The Greek-city states were at the center of this ‘information highway’ and their location provided excellent trading ports as many of them relied heavily on trade as their lands were not agriculturally productive especially in Athens, as opposed to many of their neighbors. This meant they travelled and interacted with many cultures spreading their culture and democratic ideas. Greek thought as distinct in Eastern philosophy The influence of diverse and advanced cultures in the Asian and North African civilization elevated the Greek culture to achieve a distinct flavor that gave it a life of its own as outlined Duiker Spielvogel, (2010) again outlines. The Greek culture of inquiry and reason in explaining things gave rise to Philosophers who achieved great status during Socrates era around 5th century BC. Socrates contributed a lot in the world of philosophy and democracy with his thoughts on ethics, government and law and investigating the nature of knowledge and how to gain it. Plato emerged also as a great philosopher under the studentship of Socrates and established his brand of philosophical thought. He brought to life the idea of a â€Å"spiritual† aspect of the world and began to interpret the things in this light. Aristotle also came with the idea of using senses primarily in the understanding of the world which was a conflicting thought from that of Plato, his mentor. Many more schools of thought trying to explain things in different disciplines emerged and with different perspectives but with inquiry and reason guiding them. During this time, Eastern and Western thought and culture came into collision as Greek military adventurism came into contact with the Eastern world and left a mark into each other while at the same time bringing out their fundamental differences. The primary among these differences is the Eastern philosophy of giving more power to the ruling class while the masses are seen as harmonized entity, and both functioning for the good of all. Western ideals propagated by Greek would lead to democratic systems leaning on individual liberties over â€Å"state† interests (Tarnas, 1991). Greek philosophy shaping on Christianity and Judaism Tarnas, (1991) says that both religions had a enormous philosophical influence from the Greek thought. Christianity became intertwined with Greek philosophy, which then spread to the Western civilizations, putting the finishing touch on the influence of Greek culture’s influence on the Western thought and culture. It is during the Renaissance period t around 1400s and the Enlightenment period in 1800s that the Dark Ages are finally over, and Greek philosophy advanced, democracy reinvented and scientific discoveries made among other things. The British Empire was at the helm of these two developments leading in democracy, technological development, which resulted in the industrial revolution, military prowess which is the pictures of the Roman Empire. USA which later emerged as the world power adopted the western philosophies of democracy as the preservation of individual freedoms for its citizens and Christian principles (Noble, 2008). Conclusion Greek thought and culture shaped the Western thinking on democracy and culture in general. The Greeks developed ideas on democratic values and institutions as a guide to distribution of power. They developed the idea of a government voted in and responsible to the governed, civil liberties and personal freedoms and the laid basis for the modern judicial system of trial by jury. The adoption of democratic ideals has varied across the world rendering it impossible to define what democracy is, its Greek origins can not be denied. The development of democracy can be traced in the history of Greece which is divided into three periods: Ancient Greece, Classical Greece and Hellenistic period. Much of the Greek thought and culture developed during the classical and Hellenistic periods with the rise of city-states, where citizens, that is, adult men, voted their representatives to the Council or Assembly that was answerable to them. Philosophers also emerged who emphasized on inquiry and reasoning to explain human nature and phenomena and laid the basis for modern democratic ideas. The geopolitical position of Greece coupled with trade as their main economic activity allowed them to spread their culture and ideas. The Greek philosophy emerged as distinct from the Eastern thought, which though they impacted on each other, had their most not able difference in the idea of democracy and this impacted on how it was adopted by the Western civilizations. Further, the Greek culture and thought was adopted by the Roman Empire which influenced the main Religions: Christianity and Judaism in Asia. Greek philosophy influenced Christianity and Christianity likewise and which spread to the Western world putting the final touches on the Western thought and culture. After the fall, of Roman Empire, the Western world, led by British Empire reinvented democracy and other aspects of the Greek culture. Reference List Duiker, W., Spielvogel, J. (2010). The essential world history, volume two: since  1500. USA: Cengage Learning. Gress, D. (1998). From Plato to NATO: the idea of the west and its opponents. USA:  Simon and Schuster. Noble, T. (2008). Western civilization: beyond boundaries. New York: Cengage  Learning. Spielvogel, J. (2010). Western civilization: a brief history. New York: Cengage Learning. Tarnas, R. (1991). The pas sion of the western mind: understanding the ideas that  have shaped our world view. New York: Harmony Books. 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